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Bash 自動備份網站與異地備份
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更新:2016-07-25 17:48:02

這是我現在所用的方法,直接分享出來,備份壓縮網站資料與資料庫十日,自動刪除近十日之外的檔案。

建立一個 backup.sh 檔案,內容如下:(FTP地址帳密、網站路徑、資料庫密碼…要自己修改一下)

#!/bin/sh

THESITE="example.com"
THEDATE=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S)

mysqldump --defaults-file=/home/user/secret.cnf --user=root --host=localhost --all-databases | gzip > /var/www/$THESITE/backup/db_$THEDATE.sql.gz

tar czf /var/www/$THESITE/backup/site_${THEDATE}.tar /var/www/$THESITE/public_html/
gzip /var/www/$THESITE/backup/site_${THEDATE}.tar

find /var/www/$THESITE/backup/site* -mtime +10 -exec rm {} \;
find /var/www/$THESITE/backup/db* -mtime +10 -exec rm {} \;

echo "OK"

ftp -n 31.170.xxx.xxx <<End-Of-Session
user USERNAME "PASSWORD"
binary
cd /public_html/backup/secret_path
put "/var/www/$THESITE/backup/db_$THEDATE.sql.gz" "db_backup.sql.gz"
put "/var/www/$THESITE/backup/site_${THEDATE}.tar.gz" "site_backup.tar.gz"
bye
End-Of-Session

wget http://backupsite.com/ -O /tmp/keep_online
rm /tmp/keep_online

創一個文檔在 /home/user/secret.cnf (或你喜歡的地方),然後設定權限 400 或 600 內容填入如下。

[client]
password="MYSQL_PASSWORD"

最後 在終端機 打指令

crontab -e

在最下面加入:(設定定時任務,零時零分自動備份網站並透過FTP外寄出去)

0 0 * * * sh /the_path_you_want/backup.sh

這樣就可以完成幾乎全自動的備份。


This entry was posted in Bash, General, Experience, Functions, Note, WebHosting By Weil Jimmer.

Telegram Bot 開發機器人 (2) Python
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更新:2016-07-04 15:11:22

這是我第二篇文章有關於 Telegram 機器人,此機器人的功能極其簡單!監控伺服器的使用率,最近因為在伺服器又搞了一個很麻煩的東西,要時時刻刻注意有沒有異常。所以才寫了這個小程式(如圖)。

本文直接省略@BotFather產生機器人的說明,我想那應該不是問題。第一篇文章請參考:淺談Telegram開發機器人

本程式一旦運行,就不會停止,每隔固定幾秒鐘會自動更新訊息,會一直不斷的編輯,而不是一直送出(Telegram 有支持編輯訊息的功能)。直接上程式碼。這次使用Python,因為牽扯到系統,用 PHP 就不太適合了。

# coding: utf-8
"""By Weil Jimmer"""
import os,urllib.request,shutil,sys,re,datetime,json,psutil
from time import sleep
from sys import platform as _platform

def __init__(self):
	print("")

GRAY = "\033[1;30m"
RED = "\033[1;31m"
LIME = "\033[1;32m"
YELLOW = "\033[1;33m"
BLUE = "\033[1;34m"
MAGENTA = "\033[1;35m"
CYAN = "\033[1;36m"
WHITE = "\033[1;37m"
BGRAY = "\033[1;47m"
BRED = "\033[1;41m"
BLIME = "\033[1;42m"
BYELLOW = "\033[1;43m"
BBLUE = "\033[1;44m"
BMAGENTA = "\033[1;45m"
BCYAN = "\033[1;46m"
BDARK_RED = "\033[1;48m"
UNDERLINE = "\033[4m"
END = "\033[0m"

if _platform.find("linux")<0:
	GRAY = ""
	RED = ""
	LIME = ""
	YELLOW = ""
	BLUE = ""
	MAGENTA = ""
	CYAN = ""
	WHITE = ""
	BGRAY = ""
	BRED = ""
	BLIME = ""
	BYELLOW = ""
	BBLUE = ""
	BMAGENTA = ""
	BCYAN = ""
	UNDERLINE = ""
	END = ""
	os.system("color c")

print (RED)
print ("*" * 40)
print ("*  Name:\tServer Status Telegram Bot")
print ("*  Team:" + LIME + "\tWhite Birch Forum Team" + RED)
print ("*  Developer:\tWeil Jimmer")
print ("*  Website:\thttps://weils.net/")
print ("*  Date:\t2016.07.04")
print ("*" * 40)
print (END)

chat_id = "123456789"
api_key = "123456789:AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
root_dir = "/tmp/"
msg_id = ""
sleep_second = 5

def int_s(k):
	try:
		return int(k)
	except:
		return -1

def reporthook2(blocknum, blocksize, totalsize):
	do_nothing=True

def url_encode(url_):
	return urllib.parse.quote(url_, safe='~@#$&()*!+=:;,.?/\'')

def upload_URL(url,encode,data_X,method_X):
	file_name="temp_file_pyserverstatus"
	opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener({})
	opener.version = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36'
	opener.addheader("Referer", url)
	opener.addheader("X-Forwarded-For", "0.0.0.0")
	opener.addheader("Client-IP", "0.0.0.0")
	if method_X=="POST":
		local_file,response_header=opener.retrieve(url_encode(url), root_dir + file_name, reporthook2, urllib.parse.urlencode(data_X))
	else:
		local_file,response_header=opener.retrieve(url, root_dir + file_name, reporthook2)
	return open(local_file,encoding=encode).read()

def api_make_req_json(data_X):
	api_url = "https://api.telegram.org/bot" + api_key + "/"
	response=(upload_URL(api_url,"utf-8",data_X,"POST"))
	return json.loads(response)

def sendMessage(text,chatid):
	return api_make_req_json({"method":"sendMessage","chat_id":chatid,"text":text})

def editMessageText(text,chatid,messageid):
	return api_make_req_json({"method":"editMessageText","chat_id":chatid,"message_id":messageid,"text":text})

while True:
	time_now_str = "當前時間:\n" + str(datetime.datetime.now())
	cpu_useage_str = "CPU使用率:" + str(psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)) + " %"
	memory_useage = psutil.virtual_memory()
	memory_useage_str = "記憶體使用率:" + str(memory_useage.percent) + " %\n已用:" + str(round(memory_useage.total*0.01*memory_useage.percent/1024/1024/1024,3)) + " GB" + "\n總共:" + str(round(memory_useage.total/1024/1024/1024,3)) + " GB"
	str_value = time_now_str + "\n" + cpu_useage_str + "\n" + memory_useage_str
	if msg_id=="":
		dom=sendMessage(str_value,chat_id)
		msg_id=dom['result']['message_id']
	else:
		editMessageText(str_value,chat_id,msg_id)
	sleep(sleep_second)


input("\n\n請輸入ENTER鍵結束...")

若在 Linux 的環境下,使用 tmux 輸入指令會比較好。因為它可以在背景運作,可以直接關掉 terminal。


This entry was posted in General, The Internet, Note, Python By Weil Jimmer.

淺談Telegram開發機器人
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發布:
更新:2017-08-19 16:48:44

我做了一個很簡單的計時器,為了某群組裡面的高中生而設計,這也是我首次製作 tg 的機器人。我才做兩個而已,所以有些功能我真的不知道的我也沒辦法為您解答。

以下是講我的經歷:

首先必須先註冊個telegram帳號(廢話),然後搜索聯繫人@BotFather 這很重要,加入這個機器人之後,首先輸入:/newbot ,然後再輸入你想要取的名子(可以是中文),接著系統會提示你再輸入用戶名稱,結尾必須是 bot ,而且僅英文數字以及下畫線,接著你的機器人就創立了,BotFather會告訴你,你的Token,這很重要,因為等下傳送或是接收訊息都要用到這組文字。

開始就是程式設計的部分,我個人是比較熟PHP,所以用PHP開發。而且還是改寫自官方的腳本。但我現在已經明白原理了。

<?php

define('BOT_TOKEN', 'BotFather給你的Token');
define('API_URL', 'https://api.telegram.org/bot'.BOT_TOKEN.'/');

//這些AppFunction和處理資料有關係,我是覺得直接Copy就好了。
function apiRequestWebhook($method, $parameters) {
  if (!is_string($method)) {
    error_log("Method name must be a string\n");
    return false;
  }

  if (!$parameters) {
    $parameters = array();
  } else if (!is_array($parameters)) {
    error_log("Parameters must be an array\n");
    return false;
  }

  $parameters["method"] = $method;

  header("Content-Type: application/json");
  echo json_encode($parameters);
  return true;
}

function exec_curl_request($handle) {
  $response = curl_exec($handle);

  if ($response === false) {
    $errno = curl_errno($handle);
    $error = curl_error($handle);
    error_log("Curl returned error $errno: $error\n");
    curl_close($handle);
    return false;
  }

  $http_code = intval(curl_getinfo($handle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE));
  curl_close($handle);

  if ($http_code >= 500) {
    // do not wat to DDOS server if something goes wrong
    sleep(10);
    return false;
  } else if ($http_code != 200) {
    $response = json_decode($response, true);
    error_log("Request has failed with error {$response['error_code']}: {$response['description']}\n");
    if ($http_code == 401) {
      throw new Exception('Invalid access token provided');
    }
    return false;
  } else {
    $response = json_decode($response, true);
    if (isset($response['description'])) {
      error_log("Request was successfull: {$response['description']}\n");
    }
    $response = $response['result'];
  }

  return $response;
}

function apiRequest($method, $parameters) {
  if (!is_string($method)) {
    error_log("Method name must be a string\n");
    return false;
  }

  if (!$parameters) {
    $parameters = array();
  } else if (!is_array($parameters)) {
    error_log("Parameters must be an array\n");
    return false;
  }

  foreach ($parameters as $key => &$val) {
    // encoding to JSON array parameters, for example reply_markup
    if (!is_numeric($val) && !is_string($val)) {
      $val = json_encode($val);
    }
  }
  $url = API_URL.$method.'?'.http_build_query($parameters);

  $handle = curl_init($url);
  curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
  curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5);
  curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);

  return exec_curl_request($handle);
}

function apiRequestJson($method, $parameters) {
  if (!is_string($method)) {
    error_log("Method name must be a string\n");
    return false;
  }

  if (!$parameters) {
    $parameters = array();
  } else if (!is_array($parameters)) {
    error_log("Parameters must be an array\n");
    return false;
  }

  $parameters["method"] = $method;

  $handle = curl_init(API_URL);
  curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
  curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5);
  curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
  curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($parameters));
  curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Content-Type: application/json"));

  return exec_curl_request($handle);
}

//上面的程式碼都建議直接Copy拿來用

//我自己的程式碼開始

$target_times=1465772400;
$msg = '距離【畢業典禮】還有'."\n".floor(($target_times-time())/86400).'天'.floor((($target_times-time())%86400)/3600).'時'.floor(((($target_times-time())%86400)%3600)/60).'分'.(((($target_times-time())%86400)%3600)%60).'秒!';

if (time()>$target_times){
	$msg="";
}

$target_times=1467327600;
$msg .= "\n".'距離【指考】還有'."\n".floor(($target_times-time())/86400).'天'.floor((($target_times-time())%86400)/3600).'時'.floor(((($target_times-time())%86400)%3600)/60).'分'.(((($target_times-time())%86400)%3600)%60).'秒!';

if (time()>$target_times){
	$msg="";
}


//處理開始函數,傳入$msg是因為我這個程式的功能所需,並非必要
function processMessage($message,$msg) {
  // process incoming message
  $message_id = $message['message_id'];
  $chat_id = $message['chat']['id'];
  if (isset($message['text'])) {
    // incoming text message
    $text = $message['text'];

    if ($text === "/start" or $text === "/start@botusername"){
		if ($msg!=""){
			apiRequestJson("sendMessage", array('chat_id' => $chat_id, "text" => $msg."\n聊天室ID:".$chat_id));
		}
    } else if ($text === "/show" or $text === "/show@botusername") {
		if ($msg!=""){
			apiRequestJson("sendMessage", array('chat_id' => $chat_id, "text" => $msg));
		}
    } else if (strpos($text, "/stop") === 0) {
	// stop now
    } else {
	// 其他指令或訊息
    }
  }
}

if (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') {
  // if run from console
  //這是為了定時任務的區別,如果是從Crontab跑,就從這邊
	if ($msg!=""){
		apiRequestJson("sendMessage", array('chat_id' => '00000000000', "text" => $msg));
	}
  exit;
}


$content = file_get_contents("php://input"); //讀取資料 (In)
$update = json_decode($content, true); //JSON解析

if (!$update) {
  // receive wrong update, must not happen
  // 接收到錯誤訊息
  exit;
}

if (isset($update["message"])) {
  //接收到正確訊息,調用處理函數
  processMessage($update["message"],$msg);
}

程式碼都獻上了,現在開始講原理。

首先必須要有一台服務器,來執行WebHook,把你寫好的PHP檔案上傳到伺服器上面,注意檔名最好建立很特殊的名稱,讓一般使用者無法猜到你用什麼檔名,以預防惡意人士直接訪問你的程式。(洪水轟炸,或偽造請求之類的。)

上傳後,請直接訪問 https://api.telegram.org/bot{TOKEN}/?method=setWebhook&url=https://www.example.com/{secret}bot.php

例如:
https://api.telegram.org/bot123456789:AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/?method=setWebhook&url=https://www.example.com/secret_random_path/bot.php

參數url後面接的就是你要接收的位置,僅支援https,完畢後一旦直接對bot講話輸入指令,telegram就會立刻送出對話內容傳到你的程式,而你的程式處理完之後再回傳給telegram,這就是它的工作原理。

得到的內容長得像:(已經被解析的Object["message"])

(
    [message_id] => 01
    [from] => Array
        (
            [id] => 123456789
            [first_name] => Nickname
            [username] => username
        )

    [chat] => Array
        (
            [id] => -123456789
            [title] => test
            [type] => group
        )

    [date] => 1464504645
    [text] => /say I just say?
    [entities] => Array
        (
            [0] => Array
                (
                    [type] => bot_command
                    [offset] => 0
                    [length] => 17
                )

        )

)

簡單明瞭,這只是message的部分,有可能會出現其他資料,例如傳圖片,有人加入群組時,就會不同了,請參閱 telegram 文檔,https://core.telegram.org/bots/api

而我的設計是當使用者輸入 /start 時,就會回傳 聊天室 id,因為我需要 id 才可以讓我直接發訊息回去,否則必須每次都是被動型傳輸,這樣我就可以主動傳送了,因為我不需要依靠對方先傳訊息給我才可以取得 id 回傳。

而我設定輸入指令 /show 時 就會彈出距離目標時間還有多久。而且利用 cron job 定時任務,每天都會 run 這程式發送一次倒數訊息。這就是整個簡單的概念。

接下來,在 tg 上就可以直接操作並直接顯示結果了,唯一缺陷就是沒有指令選單。這時可以再向 BotFather設定,輸入 /setcommands,再輸入 @botname指令(英文)+空格+簡介。(可以多行輸入)

最終預防機器人被濫用亂加入群組,可以設定鎖定,/setjoingroups@botname → Disable

這樣就大功告成了。其他功能自己探索,其實很簡單的。


This entry was posted in General, Software, Experience, Functions, Note, PHP By Weil Jimmer.

音樂播放程式 Media List Viewer
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發布:
更新:2017-11-17 00:52:47

本程式可以選擇特定資料夾目錄並列舉資料夾內所有音樂,以資料夾為第一級/或子資料夾分類,並包含搜尋功能(可自訂資料夾內搜尋),置頂功能(一律顯示在最上方)。只是個簡單版的輕巧小程式。

本程式已過時,請改用:http://web.wbftw.org/product/newmediaviewerplus

下載地址【一】:https://url.weils.net/m

下載地址【二】:http://cht.tw/h/p9bxu

產品頁面:http://web.wbftw.org/product/yinlebofangchengshimedialistview


This entry was posted in General, Software, Free, Product By Weil Jimmer.

PHP 利用 cUrl 抓取 HTTPS/HTTP 網頁
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發布:2016-04-25 20:16:50

最近不知道要發什麼,這篇這是純當筆記用。

$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $data);
if (stripos($data,'https://')===0){
	//網址是https,設定SSL。
	curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSLVERSION,CURL_SSLVERSION_DEFAULT);
	curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST,0);
	curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER,0);
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, 999);
$html = curl_exec($ch);
$header_size = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HEADER_SIZE);
$header = substr($html, 0, $header_size);
$html_body = substr($html, $header_size);
curl_close($ch);

 


This entry was posted in General, Functions, The Internet, Note, PHP By Weil Jimmer.

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