Weil Jimmer's Blog

Bash 自動備份網站與異地備份

這是我現在所用的方法，直接分享出來，備份壓縮網站資料與資料庫十日，自動刪除近十日之外的檔案。

建立一個 backup.sh 檔案，內容如下：(FTP地址帳密、網站路徑、資料庫密碼…要自己修改一下)

#!/bin/sh

THESITE="example.com"
THEDATE=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S)

mysqldump --defaults-file=/home/user/secret.cnf --user=root --host=localhost --all-databases | gzip > /var/www/$THESITE/backup/db_$THEDATE.sql.gz

tar czf /var/www/$THESITE/backup/site_${THEDATE}.tar /var/www/$THESITE/public_html/
gzip /var/www/$THESITE/backup/site_${THEDATE}.tar

find /var/www/$THESITE/backup/site* -mtime +10 -exec rm {} \;
find /var/www/$THESITE/backup/db* -mtime +10 -exec rm {} \;

echo "OK"

ftp -n 31.170.xxx.xxx <<End-Of-Session
user USERNAME "PASSWORD"
binary
cd /public_html/backup/secret_path
put "/var/www/$THESITE/backup/db_$THEDATE.sql.gz" "db_backup.sql.gz"
put "/var/www/$THESITE/backup/site_${THEDATE}.tar.gz" "site_backup.tar.gz"
bye
End-Of-Session

wget http://backupsite.com/ -O /tmp/keep_online
rm /tmp/keep_online

創一個文檔在 /home/user/secret.cnf (或你喜歡的地方)，然後設定權限 400 或 600 內容填入如下。

[client]
password="MYSQL_PASSWORD"

最後 在終端機 打指令

crontab -e

在最下面加入：（設定定時任務，零時零分自動備份網站並透過FTP外寄出去）

0 0 * * * sh /the_path_you_want/backup.sh

這樣就可以完成幾乎全自動的備份。

Telegram Bot 開發機器人 (2) Python

這是我第二篇文章有關於 Telegram 機器人，此機器人的功能極其簡單！監控伺服器的使用率，最近因為在伺服器又搞了一個很麻煩的東西，要時時刻刻注意有沒有異常。所以才寫了這個小程式（如圖）。

本文直接省略@BotFather產生機器人的說明，我想那應該不是問題。第一篇文章請參考：淺談Telegram開發機器人

本程式一旦運行，就不會停止，每隔固定幾秒鐘會自動更新訊息，會一直不斷的編輯，而不是一直送出（Telegram 有支持編輯訊息的功能）。直接上程式碼。這次使用Python，因為牽扯到系統，用 PHP 就不太適合了。

# coding: utf-8
"""By Weil Jimmer"""
import os,urllib.request,shutil,sys,re,datetime,json,psutil
from time import sleep
from sys import platform as _platform

def __init__(self):
	print("")

GRAY = "\033[1;30m"
RED = "\033[1;31m"
LIME = "\033[1;32m"
YELLOW = "\033[1;33m"
BLUE = "\033[1;34m"
MAGENTA = "\033[1;35m"
CYAN = "\033[1;36m"
WHITE = "\033[1;37m"
BGRAY = "\033[1;47m"
BRED = "\033[1;41m"
BLIME = "\033[1;42m"
BYELLOW = "\033[1;43m"
BBLUE = "\033[1;44m"
BMAGENTA = "\033[1;45m"
BCYAN = "\033[1;46m"
BDARK_RED = "\033[1;48m"
UNDERLINE = "\033[4m"
END = "\033[0m"

if _platform.find("linux")<0:
	GRAY = ""
	RED = ""
	LIME = ""
	YELLOW = ""
	BLUE = ""
	MAGENTA = ""
	CYAN = ""
	WHITE = ""
	BGRAY = ""
	BRED = ""
	BLIME = ""
	BYELLOW = ""
	BBLUE = ""
	BMAGENTA = ""
	BCYAN = ""
	UNDERLINE = ""
	END = ""
	os.system("color c")

print (RED)
print ("*" * 40)
print ("*  Name:\tServer Status Telegram Bot")
print ("*  Team:" + LIME + "\tWhite Birch Forum Team" + RED)
print ("*  Developer:\tWeil Jimmer")
print ("*  Website:\thttps://weils.net/")
print ("*  Date:\t2016.07.04")
print ("*" * 40)
print (END)

chat_id = "123456789"
api_key = "123456789:AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
root_dir = "/tmp/"
msg_id = ""
sleep_second = 5

def int_s(k):
	try:
		return int(k)
	except:
		return -1

def reporthook2(blocknum, blocksize, totalsize):
	do_nothing=True

def url_encode(url_):
	return urllib.parse.quote(url_, safe='~@#$&()*!+=:;,.?/\'')

def upload_URL(url,encode,data_X,method_X):
	file_name="temp_file_pyserverstatus"
	opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener({})
	opener.version = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36'
	opener.addheader("Referer", url)
	opener.addheader("X-Forwarded-For", "0.0.0.0")
	opener.addheader("Client-IP", "0.0.0.0")
	if method_X=="POST":
		local_file,response_header=opener.retrieve(url_encode(url), root_dir + file_name, reporthook2, urllib.parse.urlencode(data_X))
	else:
		local_file,response_header=opener.retrieve(url, root_dir + file_name, reporthook2)
	return open(local_file,encoding=encode).read()

def api_make_req_json(data_X):
	api_url = "https://api.telegram.org/bot" + api_key + "/"
	response=(upload_URL(api_url,"utf-8",data_X,"POST"))
	return json.loads(response)

def sendMessage(text,chatid):
	return api_make_req_json({"method":"sendMessage","chat_id":chatid,"text":text})

def editMessageText(text,chatid,messageid):
	return api_make_req_json({"method":"editMessageText","chat_id":chatid,"message_id":messageid,"text":text})

while True:
	time_now_str = "當前時間：\n" + str(datetime.datetime.now())
	cpu_useage_str = "CPU使用率：" + str(psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)) + " %"
	memory_useage = psutil.virtual_memory()
	memory_useage_str = "記憶體使用率：" + str(memory_useage.percent) + " %\n已用：" + str(round(memory_useage.total*0.01*memory_useage.percent/1024/1024/1024,3)) + " GB" + "\n總共：" + str(round(memory_useage.total/1024/1024/1024,3)) + " GB"
	str_value = time_now_str + "\n" + cpu_useage_str + "\n" + memory_useage_str
	if msg_id=="":
		dom=sendMessage(str_value,chat_id)
		msg_id=dom['result']['message_id']
	else:
		editMessageText(str_value,chat_id,msg_id)
	sleep(sleep_second)


input("\n\n請輸入ENTER鍵結束...")

若在 Linux 的環境下，使用 tmux 輸入指令會比較好。因為它可以在背景運作，可以直接關掉 terminal。